道路交通設(shè)施建設(shè)與運行過程中伴隨的路域水體污染、車輛尾氣、路表油污及近地表高溫等問題帶來的工程與環(huán)境、工程與人的影響日益凸顯，成為世界各國亟待解決的重大技術(shù)難題。嚴(yán)重影響了路域水體、空氣、生態(tài)環(huán)境以及道路服役壽命，每年帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。

經(jīng)過20余年的科研攻關(guān)，錢國平教授帶領(lǐng)團隊金嬌、于華南、龔湘兵、蔡軍、李希、徐鵬、馬躍潭、周洪宇等老師，聯(lián)合交通運輸部科學(xué)研究院等多家單位，針對路域水體、尾氣、路表油污等條件共同作用下的路域生態(tài)環(huán)境及路表高溫帶來的病害問題，取得了一系列重要突破。

團隊經(jīng)過20多年的攻關(guān)，取得了豐碩的成果：主編國家軍用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1部、行業(yè)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)7部、地方技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2部。研究成果在20余條高速公路及多地市政道路應(yīng)用，直接經(jīng)濟效益達16億元，并貫徹落實“交通強國”、“一帶一路”等國家戰(zhàn)略以及新發(fā)展理念。顯著推進了行業(yè)科技進步，提高了我國路域環(huán)境保護科技水平。

Advanced Technologies and Application for Improving Road Operation Environment

With the increasing mileage and density of highways, the impact of highway construction and operation on the environment, resources, and organisms is increasing. The main manifestations are: pavement runoff brings heavy metals, organic pollutants and other water pollution into the surrounding water system, automobile exhaust caused air pollution, the road absorbs the sunlight increased the urban heat island effect. Thus, how to decrease the above pollution, reduce the carbon emission increased by subsequent disposal, and enhance resource utilization efficiency is an urgent problem in global sustainable development.

In order to integrating the common needs of transportation development and environmental protection, the project team has conducted research on the low-carbon design and application technology of functional pavement materials since 2008 with funding of major scientific research projects and key engineering projects.

(1) This project developed a series of technologies for road/bridge runoff collection, purification/pollution treatment, and comprehensive utilization, integrated treatment of different pollution sources, solved the problem of dispersed treatment of near-surface multi-source pollution by traditional technology, and achieved efficient treatment and recycling of road area water under complex application scenarios. (2) Developed functional layers for degrading near-surface exhaust gases and oil pollution in the road area, as well as techniques for determining their effectiveness, solved the problem that traditional technology cannot simulate the actual environmental conditions, and achieved simultaneous high-precision real-time measurement. (3) Developed a heat-insulating and cooling functional layer for asphalt road surfaces and its combined design methods developed, which revealed the composite system/interface properties and energy transfer and conversion mechanisms of asphalt mixtures; and invented a temperature-adjusting functional road surface design method and effect detection technology, which effectively alleviated the thermal effects of the road surface temperature field, and achieved comprehensive temperature control of the road surface. (4) Developed a comprehensive environmental regulation and evaluation technology system for near-surface water bodies and the atmosphere in the road area, which realized the classification and evaluation of near-surface water bodies and the atmospheric environment in the road area quantitatively and scientifically, and guaranteed the controllable stability of the road ecosystem health level.

The results of the project have been successfully applied in more than 20 highways and urban road projects in ecological environment restoration areas and environmental protection areas in many countries, which reduce construction costs by more than 15% compared with traditional technologies, and generated direct economic benefits of more than CNY 1.61 billion. It providing a typical paradigm for the development of green and low-carbon highways around the world, and authorizing 60 patents for invention, 13 software copyrights, and the chief editorship of 10 various standards.

The research result of this project significant improved the road environment along the route, extended the service life of the highway, significantly reduced carbon emissions, realized efficient use of resources, it provided theoretical and technological support for international green and sustainable development.

Figure 1 Water Projection

Figure 2 Cooling Pavement

Figure 3 Green Degradation